Evidence-graded summaries of 11 peptide compounds — potential benefits, health considerations, study quality context, and direct links to the underlying research.
Disclaimer: These profiles are for informational purposes only and do not constitute medical advice. Evidence grades reflect the current state of published research. Preclinical evidence (animal/in vitro) cannot be directly extrapolated to humans. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any peptide compound.
Synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide derived from human gastric juice protein. Extensively studied in rodent models for wound healing, tendon repair, and GI mucosal protection. No completed human RCTs as of 2025.
Synthetic version of the naturally occurring Thymosin Beta-4 protein present in nearly all nucleated human cells. Regulates actin dynamics, promotes cell migration and wound healing. Phase 2 human trials completed for cardiac and wound healing indications.
Naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide that declines with age. Topical forms are widely used in cosmetics with supportive evidence. Injectable forms are a gray market research compound with limited human safety data.
ACTH-derived heptapeptide approved as a pharmaceutical in Russia and Ukraine. Upregulates BDNF and NGF, modulates dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. The most clinically studied neuropeptide on this list outside of Russia.
Synthetic analog of the immunopeptide tuftsin, registered as a pharmaceutical in Russia for anxiety and as a nootropic. Modulates GABA-A sensitivity, serotonin, and dopamine. Anxiolytic without the dependence risk of benzodiazepines in animal models.
Eli Lilly investigational peptide simultaneously activating GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. Phase 2 NEJM results (2023) showed up to 24.2% body weight reduction at 48 weeks. Phase 3 trials ongoing as of 2025.
FDA-approved GHRH analog (Egrifta, 2010) for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Stimulates physiologic GH release from the pituitary. Research interest has expanded to NAFLD reduction and cognitive function in aging adults.
Selective GH secretagogue that stimulates pulsatile GH release without meaningfully elevating cortisol or prolactin. Phase 2 data for postoperative bowel function. Widely used off-label for recovery and body composition.
Long-acting GHRH analog with a DAC modification extending half-life to 6–8 days. Phase 1/2 human data published in 2006 demonstrates dose-dependent sustained GH and IGF-1 elevation. Creates sustained rather than pulsatile GH release.
Mitochondria-encoded 16-amino-acid peptide discovered in 2015. Activates AMPK, improves insulin sensitivity, and counteracts metabolic aging. Circulating levels decline with age and increase with exercise. Human trials in very early stages.
C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone that stimulates fat oxidation and lipolysis without IGF-1-mediated effects. Multiple Phase 2 trials conducted; Phase 3 failed to meet primary obesity endpoints. Development discontinued.
C-terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone retaining core anti-inflammatory activity via MC1R binding and NF-κB inhibition. Research focus on IBD, skin inflammation, and oral nanoparticle delivery for GI bioavailability.